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Osuva on Vaasan yliopiston avoin julkaisuarkisto. Osuva sisältää Vaasan yliopiston omat julkaisut, opinnäytteet ja tieteellisten artikkeleiden rinnakkaistallenteet. Osuvaan sisältyy julkaisujen viitetietoja, tiivistelmiä ja kokotekstejä. Sähköisten arkistokokoelmien sisältö ei ole luettavissa verkossa.

Kokoelmat Osuvassa

Viimeksi tallennetut

  • Bhagavadgītā and Mānavadharmaśāstra on War and Migration
    Lehtonen, Tommi (Society for Indian Philosophy and Religion, 2026)
    Artikkeli
    This article examines the perspectives on war and migration presented in the Bhagavadgītā and the Law Code of Manu, two ancient Hindu texts. The Bhagavadgītā promotes warrior ethics which emphasise self-mastery and duty without attachment, framing the justification for war as both a moral and spiritual probe. The Law Code of Manu primarily regulates everyday life while also addressing aspects of religious devotion and the social consequences thereof. The Manu code of war emphasises ethical conduct, the protection of innocents, and restraint, illustrating a robust humanitarian tradition in ancient Indian thought. The Bhagavadgītā promotes a balance between universal compassion and practical responsibility, it acknowledges the necessity for responsible governance and a vision of humanity unified by the shared spiritual essence of all beings. The Law Code of Manu does not specifically address immigration, although it delineates rules for individuals travelling abroad, particularly regarding their familial duties and responsibilities.
  • Strategic sourcing in battery energy storage system (BESS) supply chains under trade and regulatory uncertainty : A case study
    Lehtimäki, Akseli (2026-04-14)
    Diplomityö
    The rising demand for electricity and the expansion of renewable energy integration has increased the need for flexibility in power systems. Utility-scale battery energy storage systems (BESS) are being deployed on an ever-larger scale and their continuous need in the future has intensified competition. To be able to stay competitive, BESS system inte-grators now need to focus on supply chain resilience which is a challenge to tackle due to several reasons. Battery supply chain options are being limited as battery cell production remains concentrated geographically. Tariff escalations and region-specific regulations have introduced uncertainty into global BESS supply chains. As projects are growing in size and capital intensity, sourcing decisions have become even more financially significant at the project level. This forms the core research question of this thesis: How do alternative sourcing configurations for battery suppliers and contract manufacturers affect total land-ed cost and sourcing feasibility in utility-scale BESS projects under trade and regulatory uncertainty? This thesis builds on literature on the BESS industry and strategic sourcing under policy uncertainty. It reviews system architecture and battery technology in utility-scale applica-tions and considers recent market development. It then examines supply chain structures in the sector, focusing on contract manufacturing models and the concentration of battery cell production. Research on supplier relationship management and supplier portfolios is used to analyze the linkage between supply chain types and how they tend to survive disruptive events. Regulatory and grid participation requirements in the United States, the European Union and Australia are also examined together with research on tariff ef-fects on cost and sourcing risk. The thesis was conducted as a case study in collaboration with a company operating in the energy industry. The empirical analysis was based on a U.S. utility-scale reference project and evaluated five alternative sourcing scenarios using a total landed cost (TLC) model developed with data provided by the case company. The findings shows that tariff escalation during 2025 significantly altered the cost ranking of sourcing alternatives within the U.S. policy envi-ronment. Import-oriented supply configurations were competitive under moderate tariffs but lost their position when duties intensified. U.S. domestic sourcing strategies gained relevance through eligibility for IRA incentives. Building on the U.S. cost comparison, four supply options were examined across the United States, the European Union and Australia to assess regulatory alignment and practical feasibility. The results are consistent with prior scientific literature and confirm the vital role of strategic sourcing and supplier port-folio management in sustaining business competitiveness even when faced with unstable trade policy circumstances.Sähkön kysynnän kasvu sekä uusiutuvan energian osuuden lisääntyminen edellyttävät sähkön tuotanto- ja jakelujärjestelmien joustotarvetta. Akkuenergiavarastoja (BESS) otetaan käyttöön yhä laajemmassa mittakaavassa ja markkinan ennakoitu kasvu on kiristänyt kilpailua. Kilpailu-kyvyn säilyttämiseksi energiavarastoja tarjoavien yritysten on panostettava toimitusketjujen tehokkuuteen ja resilienssiin. Akkutoimitusketjujen vaihtoehdot ovat rajallisia, koska akku-kennojen tuotanto on maantieteellisesti keskittynyttä, minkä lisäksi tullien kiristyminen ja aluekohtaiset sääntelyvaatimukset ovat luoneet epävarmuutta BESS-toimitusketjuihin. Niin ikään kasvavat projektikoot ja alan korkea pääomaintensiteetti tekevät hankintapäätöksistä taloudellisesti entistä merkittävämpiä. Tähän perustuu diplomityön keskeisin tutkimuskysy-mys: Miten erilaiset akkutoimittajien ja sopimusvalmistajien hankintakokoonpanot vaikutta-vat kokonaiskustannuksiin ja hankinnan toteutettavuuteen suurissa BESS-hankkeissa, kun kauppa- ja sääntelyolosuhteet vaihtelevat? Diplomityö pohjautuu energiavarastosektoria ja strategista hankintaa käsittelevään kirjallisuu-teen. Siinä tarkastellaan BESS-järjestelmien rakennetta ja akkuteknologioita sekä markkinan viimeaikaista kehitystä. Lisäksi työ rajautuu tarkastelemaan toimitusketjurakenteita erityisesti sopimusvalmistajien ja akkutoimittajien roolin näkökulmasta. Taustalla hyödynnetään tutki-musta toimittajasuhteiden hallinnasta ja toimittajaportfolioista sekä huomioidaan kauppapo-litiikan ja kannustimien vaikutus projektien kannattavuuteen. Diplomityössä pureudutaan myös Yhdysvaltojen, Euroopan unionin ja Australian aluekohtaiseen sääntelyyn ja sähköverk-komarkkinoille osallistumisen vaatimuksiin. Diplomityö toteutettiin tapaustutkimuksena yh-teistyössä energiateollisuudessa toimivan yrityksen kanssa. Empiirinen analyysi perustui tapaustutkimukseen referenssihankkeesta Yhdysvalloissa, johon kehitettiin skenaariopohjainen kokonaistoimituskustannusmalli (TLC) case-yrityksen dataa hyödyntäen. Vertailussa oli viisi vaihtoehtoista toimitusketjuskenaariota, joista kukin edusti realistista yhdistelmää komponenttitoimittajista ja tuotantomallista. Analyysin tulokset osoit-tivat, että tullien kiristyminen vuonna 2025 johti nopeasti eri hankintavaihtoehtojen kannat-tavuuden heilahteluun Yhdysvaltojen markkinalla. Tuontipainotteiset toimitusketjut olivat kilpailukykyisiä maltillisilla tulleilla, mutta kannattavuus laski merkittävästi tullien noustessa. Yhdysvaltojen kotimaisen hankintastrategian kannattavuus vahvistui valtion IRA-kannustinkelpoisuuden myötä. Lopuksi neljää hankintavaihtoehtoa tarkastellaan Yhdysvallois-sa, Euroopassa ja Australiassa käytännön toteutettavuuden näkökulmasta. Tulokset tukevat aiempaa tutkimuskirjallisuutta ja korostavat strategisen hankinnan sekä toimittajaportfolion suunnittelun merkitystä kilpailukyvyn säilyttämisessä epävakaissa kauppapoliittisissa olosuhteissa.
  • Learning processes in early and rapid internationalization – a theoretical journey and future pathways
    Appiah, Emmanuel Kusi (Emerald, 2026)
    Artikkeli
    Purpose This review identifies and categorizes the key theories applied in the extant literature, analyses how those theories contribute to understanding the dynamics and mechanisms of learning in early internationalizing firms (EIFs), highlights theoretical gaps, and proposes directions for future research to advance knowledge in the field international marketing. Design/methodology/approach It reports on a systematic literature review conducted to collate and synthesize the prior research on the theoretical foundations of learning processes in EIFs. Findings The review identified new research areas based on existing theories, emphasizing the need to expand and refine established frameworks to explore underdeveloped dimensions. It also highlighted emerging theoretical perspectives, introducing alternative lenses to uncover novel insights and address current knowledge gaps. Research limitations/implications While this review primarily focuses on EIFs, its findings may not fully capture the factors affecting other firm types. Expanding future research to explore learning mechanisms across diverse internationalization trajectories, such as firms with gradual expansion models or established multinational corporations, would provide deeper insights and broaden the applicability of the theoretical perspectives. Practical implications International marketers and entrepreneurs could leverage this review to strategically build networks to bolster successful market entry and strengthen learning mechanisms. The strategy could include pre-entry collaboration with experienced international firms that offer critical market insights, regulatory guidance, and operational support, as well as external relationships, such as those with industry partners, mentors or local distributors that help overcome knowledge gaps and mitigate risks in unfamiliar foreign markets. Originality/value It emphasizes the dynamic nature of learning in EIFs and its critical role in driving market adaptability, innovation, and international performance in global settings.
  • Unfolding the Triplet Transition from Products to Complex Sustainable Solutions
    Shahzad, Jahanzaib; Rabetino, Rodrigo; Kohtamäki, Marko (toim.); Rabetino, Rodrigo (toim.); Parida, Vinit (toim.); Sjödin, David (toim.); Baines, Tim (toim.); Ziaee Bigdeli, Ali (toim.) (Palgrave Macmillan, 2026)
    Artikkeli
    At the sweet spot of servitization, digitalization, and sustainability literature, this chapter explores sustainable servitization as a triplet transition of manufacturers toward providing complex sustainable solutions. The chapter presents a framework to navigate the transition’s complexity when manufacturers move from selling products and add-on services to delivering complex, environmentally friendly, and digitally enabled offerings. While digitalization is an enabler that impacts servitization strategies and drives service innovation, sustainability adds complexity, pushing companies to integrate environmental, social, and economic considerations into their operations and offerings. Thus, business model innovation is essential for this transition, as it redefines value creation, delivery, and capture to meet sustainability goals. The triple transition is challenging but can ultimately enhance competitiveness while supporting long-term sustainability goals.
  • Läkarens straffrättsliga tjänsteansvar mot bakgrund av finsk rättspraxis
    Muukkonen, Matti; Mäntylä, Niina (Scandinavian University Press, 2026)
    Artikkeli
    I Finland är läkare som arbetar inom den offentliga hälso- och sjukvården eller som utövar offentlig makt underkastade tjänsteansvar. Detta innebär att de i sin verksamhet noggrant måste följa lagen. Lagstridiga handlingar eller försummelser kan leda till administrativa, skadeståndsrättsliga eller straffrättsliga påföljder. Till grund för artikeln ligger en studie som undersökte vilka handlingar som har lett till att personer med yrkesbeteckningen läkare har dömts för tjänstebrott i de finska tingsrätterna under åren 2013–2023. Studien var empirisk till sin metod och fokuserade på att granska domstolsdokument från nämnda period. Resultatet visade att antalet fall som ledde till dom var relativt få. Majoriteten av de domar som rörde läkare gällde vård av patienter, men det fanns även fällande domar för överträdelser av jävsregler, olämplig hantering av patientuppgifter samt anställning av personer utan nödvändiga kvalifikationer. Gränsen mellan en handling som klassificeras som brott och en som inte gör det var inte särskilt tydlig. Det verkar emellertid som att läkarnas särskilda, riskfyllda verksamhetsmiljö balanseras genom flera straffrättsliga element som syftar till att främja skälighet. Vid sidan av empirisk analys, speglar artikeln den finländska diskussionen om läkarnas tjänsteansvar mot bakgrund av den svenska debatten om gränserna för juridiskt och medicinskt ansvar. Det verkar som att det i Norden behövs mer diskussion och forskning om vilka konkreta handlingar eller försummelser som borde prövas i domstol. Läkarnas straffrättsliga ansvar är ett sätt att säkerställa patienternas rättsskydd och när det begränsas måste rättsskyddet garanteras på annat sätt.In Finland, physicians working in public healthcare or exercising public authority are subject to official liability. This means they must strictly comply with the law in their professional activities. Unlawful acts or omissions may result in administrative, civil, or criminal sanctions. This article is based on a study that examined which acts led to convictions of persons holding the professional title of physician for offences in office in Finnish district courts during 2013–2023. The study was empirical in method, focusing on the review of court documents from the period in question. The results showed that the number of cases resulting in conviction was relatively small. The majority of convictions involving physicians concerned patient care, but there were also convictions for violations of disqualification rules, improper handling of patient data, and employment of persons lacking the necessary qualifications. The boundary between an act classified as a criminal offence and one that is not was particularly unclear. However, it appears that the particularly risky operational environment of physicians is balanced through several criminal law elements aimed at promoting reasonableness. In addition to empirical analysis, the article reflects the Finnish discussion on physicians’ official liability against the background of the Swedish debate on the boundaries between legal and medical responsibility. It appears that more discussion and research is needed in the Nordic countries regarding which specific acts or omissions should be subject to judicial review. The criminal liability of physicians is one means of ensuring patients’ legal protection, and when it is limited, legal protection must be guaranteed by other means.