A review of energy management strategies with a focus on hosting capacity in modern energy systems

Renewable energy sources (RES) power output is variable and intermittent consisting of predictable and unpredictable fluctuations. Large-scale integration of RES requires solutions like energy storages to manage the increased intermittency. Management of energy flow among various generation and storage systems becomes crucial when multiple sources are integrated to the power system. To optimize power system performance and minimize negative impacts of RES, sizing of the storage components and energy management strategies and solutions become essential. The energy management, often using some optimization techniques, aims to ensure reliable and cost-efficient electricity supply and distribution. The details of energy management strategy depend on the type of network, its components and connected controllable energy resources. This review focuses on energy management strategies with a primary interest on hosting capacity (HC). Widespread adoption of distributed generation (DG) in distribution networks has increased different challenges and violations of operational limits. These issues include overvoltage, undervoltage, excessive line losses, transformer and feeder overloads, protection failures, and elevated harmonic distortion levels. Such problems arise when the distribution network exceeds its HC limit. This review includes an examination of HC’s evolution, methodologies, and implications for grid resilience and sustainability.