Analysis, Modelling and Optimization of the Mechanical Ventilation System of a Mixed-Use University Building
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The renovation of the existing building stock is central to European decarbonisation policy, yet retrofitted buildings frequently fail to deliver their predicted savings, and the control opportunities created by a retrofit are seldom quantified against measured performance. This thesis develops, calibrates and exploits a multi-zone TRNSYS 17 model of the West Block of the Rectorate building of the University of the Basque Country, a public building whose original construction project dates to 1970, deep-retrofitted under the A2PBEER project in the oceanic climate of Bilbao and served, after retrofit, by one heat-recovery air-handling unit per floor with no mechanical cooling. The four conditioned floors are modelled at hourly resolution over a full annual cycle. Occupancy is not assumed but reconstructed from the measured zone CO₂ through an inverse mass balance. Against the building energy management system record, the model satisfies the hourly criteria of ASHRAE Guideline 14: zone-temperature CV(RMSE) lies between 5.3 % and 16.0 % with bias within ±3.1 %, CO₂ meets both criteria on the office floors and marginally on the nursery, and annual air-handling-unit electricity is reproduced to within 0.5 %; a held-out summer period not used in the calibration confirms these results out of sample. The calibrated model is then coupled to GenOpt, using particle swarm optimisation with constriction coefficient (PSOCC) to minimise annual fan electricity subject to indoor-air-quality constraints. A family of control scenarios spanning demand-controlled ventilation, fixed- and proportional-flow free cooling and the optimised control is compared on energy, air quality and summer thermal comfort. Demand-controlled ventilation raises nursery air-quality compliance from 46.5 % to 98.8 % against the adopted Spanish RITE IDA 1 CO₂ limit, and the optimised control reduces annual fan electricity by 23.8 % and total delivered energy, including the district-heating ventilation demand, by 40.9 %. The work delivers the first hourly-calibrated post-retrofit model of this building and a transferable, air-quality-bounded procedure for deriving energy-efficient ventilation control.