Peer-to-peer flexibility trading of end-users at distribution networks

Large-scale utilisation of small-scale intermittent, renewable energy resources can cause different types of challenges for their owners and distribution system operators (DSOs). This study proposes peer-to-peer (P2P) flexibility trading which can be used to fulfil DSOs flexibility needs in distribution networks as well as help intermittent resource owners to avoid penalty costs. In the proposed trading, peers acting as flexibility buyers can supply their flexibility demanded from the offers of local sellers. As a result, the sellers are also given the opportunity to make profits through the proposed P2P flexibility trading. The proposed method is implemented for a hypothetical local network with several households, and the results of the two P2P trading structures will be compared as well.