Energy, Exergy and Sensitivity Analysis of a Novel Multi-Generation Solar-Based System: Integrating Concentrated Solar Power, Modified Kalina Cycle, and Heat Pump

Amid rising global energy demand and environmental concerns, the development of sustainable, efficient energy systems is critical. This study introduces a novel solar driven integrated system designed for the simultaneous generation of power, heating, and cooling. The system incorporates three main subsystems: a concentrated solar power unit with thermal energy storage, a modified Kalina cycle utilizing an ammonia water mixture, and a heat pump operating with toluene. Thermodynamic analysis yields overall energy and exergy efficiencies of 25.6% and 6.8%, respectively, with outputs of 3,300 kW power, 2,500 kW cooling, and 14,300 kW heating. Exergy destruction analysis reveals that the concentrated solar power subsystem is the largest contributor to irreversibility, accounting for 69% of total exergy destruction, followed by the Kalina cycle (19.2%) and the heat pump (11.8%). The heliostat field and receiver within the concentrated solar power subsystem are the most critical components, responsible for 40.6% and 28.4 % of total exergy losses, respectively. A sensitivity analysis was conducted on four key parameters. Results indicate that increasing direct normal irradiance and turbine inlet temperature reduces energy efficiency but enhances exergy efficiency due to greater work output. Higher turbine isentropic efficiency improves both efficiencies, while a higher compressor pressure ratio has minimal impact on energy efficiency and slightly lowers exergy efficiency. These findings emphasize the importance of optimizing operating conditions to improve overall system performance.