A Mixed-Integer Programming Approach for Locating V2G-Capable EV Chargers in Smart Grids

Abstract

Study introduces an advanced methodology designed to optimally determine the locations of electric vehicle (EV) charging stations within smart distribution grids. Recognizing the strategic importance and limited availability of these stations, the research addresses their substantial impact on network performance indicators. Scheme minimize a composite objective function that accounts for installation expenses, energy usage costs, and deviations of system voltage. Constraints include AC power flow requirements, operational limitations of EVs and their charging infrastructures, and inherent network capacities. A distinctive aspect of this approach is the utilization of Vehicle-To-Grid (V2G) technology, facilitating bidirectional power flow and enabling both active and reactive power exchanges with the grid. Validation of the proposed strategy was conducted on a 33-bus radial distribution system. The findings reveal that strategically positioned EV charging stations across network feeders significantly improve voltage profiles and reduce energy losses. Coupling these stations with microturbine sources further enhances voltage stability and reduces overall energy expenditures. Study demonstrates that careful planning and integration of EV charging infrastructure yield tangible improvements in both grid reliability and economic efficiency.