Rethinking Sustainability in the Age of AI and Space Technology

Abstract

In the current international business environment, sustainability has evolved into a core strategic priority. Modern businesses are increasingly relying on innovative technology to address sustainability challenges. Space firms are pioneering the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and Earth Observation (EO) satellite data to develop solutions that help society tackle environmental issues and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. As EO data volumes increase, AI plays a critical role in processing and analyzing information rapidly and accurately, enabling near real-time and onboard analysis that transforms raw imagery into actionable intelligence. This shift reduces latency between data acquisition and delivery, enhancing competitiveness in global markets. AI applications range from environmental monitoring such as evaluating air quality and land degradation, to precision agriculture, renewable energy mapping, and emissions tracking. Through case studies of ICEYE and Planet Labs, this chapter examines how space firms deploy AI-driven EO solutions to advance environmental monitoring, resource optimization, and green innovation while creating commercial value. By highlighting applications in industries such as insurance and agriculture, this study will contribute to the AI and sustainability literature by providing novel insights.