The Role of Generative AI Tools in Balancing Autonomy and Control: A Study of Junior and Senior Developers in Nepalese Fintech.

Abstract

This research explores the impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) tools on learning autonomy and managerial control of software developers in the Nepalese fintech and banking industry. The surge in the use of AI tools like ChatGPT and GitHub Copilot is radically changing software development, especially in highly regulated areas where security and compliance are important. The main purpose of the study is to examine the impact of GenAI tools on the learning autonomy and problem-solving skills of software developers, as well as the managerial control in their workplace, and compare the experiences of junior and senior developers. This study used a quantitative research method with a cross-sectional survey design. The data were gathered from 56 software developers in fintech and banking organisations in Nepal. SPSS was used to analyse the data, applying descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, correlation analysis, and crosstab analysis. The study has found that the use of GenAI tools is extremely high, with most developers using these tools often for problem-solving, code generation, and documentation. The outcomes demonstrate that GenAI tools improve learning autonomy by providing developers with immediate access to information and helping to solve problems independently. Yet, while learning autonomy is enhanced, decision-making autonomy is still low. This implies that although there is an increase in developers' learning autonomy, their decision-making autonomy is limited by the organisational environment. Additionally, the research shows that managerial control and oversight are still prevalent in the fintech setting, reflecting the regulatory and risk management requirements. The research finds that Generative AI tools are both constraining and enabling in software development. They improve learning, productivity, and efficiency, but also increase control and monitoring. This result underscores the autonomy-control paradox in regulated sectors like fintech. The study adds to the theory by connecting the findings to Self-Determination Theory, Labour Process Theory, and Sociomateriality Theory, and offers implications for organisations to encourage innovation while ensuring regulatory compliance.

KEYWORDS: FinTech (Financial Technology), GenAI (Generative Artificial Intelligence), AI (Artificial Intelligence)