Role of Hydrogen in Optimal Operational Planning of Multi-Energy Microgrids

Abstract

To support decarbonization and enhance energy resilience, this study investigates how hydrogen technologies can be effectively integrated into renewable-based microgrids. For this purpose, a detailed operational planning model is proposed for a multi-energy microgrid that combines electricity and hydrogen distribution networks. This model captures network constraints, various technologies, and high-impact low-probability events, such as upstream grid outages. Four scenarios are investigated, including the renovation of gas-fired units to burn hydrogen, ELZs and fuel cells combinations, and reversible solid oxide cells, both with and without resilience planning. Results show that rSOC integration eliminates 100% of renewable curtailment, reduces load shedding by up to 85%, and achieves 1.5% lower annual operating costs compared to conventional hydrogen systems.