Position, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) Through Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Satellites : A Survey on Current Status, Challenges, and Opportunities

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annif.suggestionssatellite navigation|navigation|remote sensing|radars|locationing|satellite navigators|navigation satellites|machine learning|geographic information systems|satellites (technical object)|enen
annif.suggestions.linkshttp://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p19374|http://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p2050|http://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p2521|http://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p2203|http://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p6230|http://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p13768|http://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p6541|http://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p21846|http://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p16923|http://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p5078en
dc.contributor.authorProl, F. S.
dc.contributor.authorMorales Ferre, R.
dc.contributor.authorSaleem, Z.
dc.contributor.authorVälisuo, P.
dc.contributor.authorPinell, C.
dc.contributor.authorLohan, E. S.
dc.contributor.authorElsanhoury, M.
dc.contributor.authorElmusrati, M.
dc.contributor.authorIslam, S.
dc.contributor.authorÇelikbilek, K.
dc.contributor.authorSelvan, K.
dc.contributor.authorYliaho, J.
dc.contributor.authorRutledge, K.
dc.contributor.authorOjala, A.
dc.contributor.authorFerranti, L.
dc.contributor.authorPraks, J.
dc.contributor.authorBhuiyan, M. Z. H.
dc.contributor.authorKaasalainen, S.
dc.contributor.authorKuusniemi, H.
dc.contributor.departmentDigital Economy-
dc.contributor.facultyfi=Tekniikan ja innovaatiojohtamisen yksikkö|en=School of Technology and Innovations|-
dc.contributor.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9566-6408-
dc.contributor.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9195-4613-
dc.contributor.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9304-6590-
dc.contributor.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3276-6348-
dc.contributor.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5588-0920-
dc.contributor.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7551-9531-
dc.contributor.organizationfi=Vaasan yliopisto|en=University of Vaasa|
dc.date.accessioned2022-09-22T11:34:32Z
dc.date.accessioned2025-06-25T13:35:30Z
dc.date.available2022-09-22T11:34:32Z
dc.date.issued2022-07-26
dc.description.abstractMore and more satellites are populating the sky nowadays in the Low Earth orbits (LEO). Most of the targeted applications are related to broadband and narrowband communications, Earth observation, synthetic aperture radar, and internet-of-Things (IoT) connectivity. In addition to these targeted applications, there is yet-to-be-harnessed potential for LEO and positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) systems, or what is nowadays referred to as LEO-PNT. No commercial LEO-PNT solutions currently exist and there is no unified research on LEO-PNT concepts. Our survey aims to fill the gaps in knowledge regarding what a LEO-PNT system entails, its technical design steps and challenges, what physical layer parameters are viable solutions, what tools can be used for a LEO-PNT design (e.g., optimisation steps, hardware and software simulators, etc.), the existing models of wireless channels for satellite-to-ground and ground-to-satellite propagation, and the commercial prospects of a future LEO-PNT system. A comprehensive and multidisciplinary survey is provided by a team of authors with complementary expertise in wireless communications, signal processing, navigation and tracking, physics, machine learning, Earth observation, remote sensing, digital economy, and business models.-
dc.description.notification© 2022 Authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. For more information, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/-
dc.description.reviewstatusfi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed|-
dc.format.bitstreamtrue
dc.format.contentfi=kokoteksti|en=fulltext|-
dc.format.extent32-
dc.format.pagerange83971-84002-
dc.identifier.olddbid16862
dc.identifier.oldhandle10024/14577
dc.identifier.urihttps://osuva.uwasa.fi/handle/11111/2375
dc.identifier.urnURN:NBN:fi-fe2022092259922-
dc.language.isoeng-
dc.publisherIEEE-
dc.relation.doi10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3194050-
dc.relation.funderCUBesAT Technology (INCUBATE) Project through the Technology Industries of Finland Centennial Foundation-
dc.relation.funderJane and Aatos Erko Foundation (JAES)-
dc.relation.ispartofjournalIEEE Access-
dc.relation.issn2169-3536-
dc.relation.urlhttps://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3194050-
dc.relation.volume10-
dc.rightsCC BY 4.0-
dc.source.identifierWOS:000843255100001-
dc.source.identifierScopus:85135752272-
dc.source.identifierhttps://osuva.uwasa.fi/handle/10024/14577
dc.subjectConstellation design-
dc.subjectLEO business models-
dc.subjectlow earth orbit positioning-
dc.subjectnavigation and timing-
dc.subjectreceiver optimisation-
dc.subjectsatellite-to-ground channel models-
dc.subject.disciplinefi=Automaatiotekniikka|en=Automation Technology|-
dc.titlePosition, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) Through Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Satellites : A Survey on Current Status, Challenges, and Opportunities-
dc.type.okmfi=A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä|en=A1 Peer-reviewed original journal article|sv=A1 Originalartikel i en vetenskaplig tidskrift|-
dc.type.publicationarticle-
dc.type.versionpublishedVersion-

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