Enhanced Electrical Conductivity and Phenol Adsorption of Activated Carbon Fibers Derived From Palm Fiber Waste for Energy Storage and Environmental Applications

Abstract

Activated carbon fibers (ACFs) were synthesized from palm fiber waste using a 15 w/v% KOH solution at varying activation temperatures. Structural characterization by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the amorphous nature of the ACFs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the fibers retained their fibrous morphology even at 800°C. Electrical conductivity measurements showed that ACFs activated at 800°C (ACK800) exhibited the highest conductivity of 0.64 S cm−1, attributed to efficient charge-carrier mobility along the extended fiber surface. Moreover, ACK800 achieved a remarkable phenol adsorption capacity of 92.2%, driven by its significantly increased surface area of 2456 m2 g−1 compared to pristine carbon fibers (486 m2 g−1). The porous morphology of the ACFs offers a sustainable pathway for both energy storage and environmental remediation. These fibers demonstrate excellent potential for pollutant removal in water purification, while their superior surface characteristics make them strong candidates for advanced energy-storage systems, including supercapacitors, hydrogen storage, and carbon capture applications.