Modeling and Simulation of a PV-Battery-Hydrogen Hybrid Energy Storage System for Stable Renewable Power Supply

The concept of hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) has gained significant topicality in terms of providing grid stability and effective use of renewable energy. The increased use of photo-voltaic (PV) systems in power systems poses a problem of power intermittency, variable volt-age, and excess energy control, which this study seeks to solve. In order to solve this prob-lem, the present study will design and model a PV-Battery-Hydrogen Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) grid connected using MATLAB/Simulink and Simscape Electrical libraries. A rule-based energy management system (EMS) was developed to control the real time power flow between PV array, lithium-ion battery, electrolyzer and the grid, dependent on the solar irradiance and battery state of charge (SoC). The overall system goal is to ensure that when the irradiance is low the system operates continuously at 6kW of active power supply to the grid by dynamically adding PV power with battery discharge and using excess power to pro-duce hydrogen. The DC-bus voltage was kept at approximately 600V in order to provide con-stant operation of converters and grid interface. The simulation findings affirm that the hy-brid design is an effective stabilization of power production, better use of renewable energy and the generation of hydrogen during the oversupply production, which shows that it is a viable option in sustainable and reliable energy storage models to be used in smart grids.