Development of Virtualized Centralized Protection and WAMPAC Systems: A Review

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dc.contributor.authorPashaei, Meysam
dc.contributor.authorKauhaniemi, Kimmo
dc.contributor.authorLaaksonen, Hannu
dc.contributor.authorHatziargyriou, Nikos
dc.contributor.departmentfi=Vebic|en=Vebic|
dc.contributor.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7113-8291
dc.contributor.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7429-3171
dc.contributor.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9378-8500
dc.date.accessioned2026-03-24T10:39:00Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.description.abstractPower system protection has evolved significantly due to the ongoing energy transition and digitalization. The development and standardization of information and communication technologies (ICTs) used for power system protection, monitoring, and control have led to the digitalization of substations and the introduction of new protection and control schemes. These include virtualized centralized protection and control for intra-substation applications, as well as advanced wide-area monitoring, protection, and control (WAMPAC) for inter-substation applications. This paper reviews the development of virtualized centralized protection, with a focus on key practical advancements, emerging technologies, and state-of-the-art studies in centralized protection and control (CPC) and W AMP AC systems. It also identifies directions for future research.en
dc.description.notification© Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial CC-BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0)
dc.description.reviewstatusfi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed|
dc.format.pagerange1-25
dc.identifier.urihttps://osuva.uwasa.fi/handle/11111/19972
dc.identifier.urnURN:NBN:fi-fe2026032422664
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherPower system protection and control press
dc.relation.doihttps://doi.org/10.23919/pcmp.2025.000041
dc.relation.funderBusiness Finlandfi
dc.relation.funderBusiness Finlanden
dc.relation.funderOtto A. Malmin lahjoitusrahastofi
dc.relation.funderOtto A. Malm Foundationen
dc.relation.grantnumber6937/31/2021
dc.relation.ispartofjournalProtection and control of modern power systems
dc.relation.issn2367-0983
dc.relation.issn2367-2617
dc.relation.issue1
dc.relation.urlhttps://doi.org/10.23919/pcmp.2025.000041
dc.relation.urlhttps://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2026032422664
dc.relation.volume11
dc.rightshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.source.identifierWOS:001651941900011
dc.source.identifier2-s2.0-105026340621
dc.source.identifier8ffe3e2b-cddf-4385-b5ff-0b7a6a3d94d8
dc.source.metadataSoleCRIS
dc.subjectCentralized protection and control
dc.subjectcloud and edge computing
dc.subjectdigitalization
dc.subject5G
dc.subjectIEC 61850
dc.subjectmachine learning
dc.subjectvirtualization
dc.subjectWAMPAC
dc.subject.disciplinefi=Sähkötekniikka|en=Electrical Engineering|
dc.subject.disciplinefi=Sähkötekniikka|en=Electrical Engineering|
dc.subject.disciplinefi=Sähkötekniikka|en=Electrical Engineering|
dc.titleDevelopment of Virtualized Centralized Protection and WAMPAC Systems: A Review
dc.type.okmfi=A2 Katsausartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä (vertaisarvioitu)|en=A2 Review article in a scientific journal (peer-reviewed)|
dc.type.publicationarticle
dc.type.versionacceptedVersion

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