Evaluating Shore Power for Merchant Vessels : Economic Viability and Compliance with IEC/IEEE 80005 Standards

Abstract

The marine industry is increasingly transitioning toward energy-efficient technologies to reduce both greenhouse gas emissions and operational costs. A key enabler of this shift is shore connec-tion-based cold ironing, where vessels connect to the harbor’s electrical grid while docked, thereby reducing the use of onboard auxiliary generators that produce harmful emissions. Shore connection is also essential for charging a ship’s batteries while it is docked. Although onboard fuel-based generation has traditionally been more cost-effective, tightening fuel regulations and recent EU policies have introduced emission-based taxation and incentives that are accelerating the adoption of shore connection systems.

This thesis, conducted in collaboration with WE Tech Solutions, explores the implementation of shore power systems in accordance with the IEC/IEEE 80005 standard series. A mixed-method approach is applied, combining quantitative economic analysis and qualitative technical assess-ment. A case study on a vessel operating primarily in EU ports quantifies potential cost savings from shore power utilization. Additionally, a technical review of an early WE Tech low-voltage shore connection delivery evaluates its compliance with emerging international standards and identifies areas for design improvement.

Based on these findings, an internal selector tool was developed to support early project stages by evaluating technical requirements. A comparison of current and future cost savings between onboard power generation and shore connection has been presented, focusing on Finland, Bel-gium, the Netherlands, and France. The findings show that shore connection systems can provide clear economic benefits, particularly for vessels operating within the European Union. In line with EU Regulation 2023/1805, the use of shore power will become mandatory by 2030 for spe-cific ship categories mentioned. Additional vessel categories may follow under future regulation. The results of this thesis provide both technical guidance and economic rationale for integrating shore power systems into newbuild and retrofit projects.