Battery Energy Storage System Performance during Black-Start and Voltage and Frequency Disturbances

Abstract

With the increasing penetration of Renewable Energy Resources (RESs) into power systems, concerns over grid blackout and stabilization solutions are being raised. Capability of Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) on balancing the variable generation profiles of Photovoltaic (PV) systems makes the BESS a modern grid solution. Furthermore, the BESS can help restore power in the event of blackout. In this paper, the contribution of BESS to facilitate their black-start capability is investigated. In addition, the role of the BESS in smoothing out fluctuations and disturbances associated with voltage and frequency changes, is assessed following an unexpected disturbance. To evaluate the dynamic performance and response of the BESS in recovering power during black-start and reducing disturbances, simulation studies were carried out considering IEEE 33 node test network, PV systems, and a BESS. Two critical case studies were considered to determine the level of BESS contribution in reducing disturbances’ impacts and speeding network recovery. Results showed that, with the BESS, 100% of the total load of the network is supplied while it is not the case without the use of BESS. The BESS responds to sudden voltage and frequency changes. During voltage variation, the BESS injects reactive power to the network which could increase the network voltage at some nodes. Finally, the power drawn from MV grid is reduced due to BESS frequency response under frequency excursion.