An effective secured peer-to-peer energy market based on blockchain architecture for the interconnected microgrid and smart grid

One of the most significant current topics in the energy market is the decentralized operation of the power system wherein the entire discipline is constructed based on the consensus concept. In such a framework, an agreement among all effective participants in the market should be brought without the presence of an independent arbitrator. This paper proposes a secured energy market architecture based on peer-to-peer (P2P) idea to provide an appropriate platform based on the decentralized network and key aspects of energy market, including network architecture, interface communication, and network security. It is apparent that communication interfaces connecting the market participants is a fundamental property for achieving this purpose and that must be secured against the malicious attacks. In this regard, reaching the secured consensus is guaranteed by providing a new blockchain platform coincided by P2P energy market. The energy market is conducted by an effective Relaxed Consensus-Innovation (RCI) based algorithm with the aim of bringing the power/price exchanged among connecting participants in the form of P2P structure. In the proposed model, a microgrid and a smart grid are considered as the market participants, who tend to negotiate with each other in a way that follow their own benefits in the secured environment. The microgrid includes the wind turbine (WT), photovoltaic (PV), tidal turbine and storage unit to satisfy its demand and the smart grid is composed of distributed generations (DGs) and lines in the form of the IEEE 24-bus test system. In order to handle the uncertainty effects in the problem, a stochastic framework based on unscented transform (UT) is proposed in the P2P energy market. In order to assess and verify the fault-tolerant system ability against the cyber-attack, the fault data injection attack (FDIA) is modeled and applied to the P2P energy market in a blockchain platform. The simulation results approve the appropriate performance and applicable nature of the proposed concepts in this paper.