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Stochastic bi-level coordination of active distribution network and renewable-based microgrid considering eco-friendly compressed air energy storage system and intelligent parking lot

Haghifam, Sara; Najafi-Ghalelou, Afshin; Zare, Kazem; Shafie-khah, Miadreza; Arefi, Ali (2021-01-01)

 
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122808

Haghifam, Sara
Najafi-Ghalelou, Afshin
Zare, Kazem
Shafie-khah, Miadreza
Arefi, Ali
Elsevier
01.01.2021
doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122808
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Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2020092275527

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©2020 Elsevier Ltd. This manuscript version is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial–NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY–NC–ND 4.0) license, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Tiivistelmä
The optimal operation of active distribution systems in the presence of private renewable-based entities is one of the primary challenges of future power networks. In this regard, developing a practical framework to deal with this kind of issue is essential. Hence, in this paper, a novel bi-level stochastic programming approach is presented for optimal energy and reserve scheduling of the active distribution system in the presence of different eco-efficient autonomous players. In the proposed model, the distribution system operator, as a leader, attempts to minimize its total operating costs. At the same time, the renewable-based microgrid owner, as an independent follower, tends to maximize its profit from exchanging energy and reserve with the distribution system operator. The suggested scheme is a non-linear bi-level problem which is transformed into a non-linear single-level problem through Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions. In order to find the global optima, the non-linear single-level problem is linearized by utilizing the Big-M method. Finally, to investigate the effectiveness of the provided model, it is tested on the modified IEEE 15-Bus active distribution system under different cases and scenarios. Obtained results indicate that the operation cost of the distribution system operator can be reduced up to 134.09$, from 10710.11$ to 10576.02$, and the profit of the microgrid owner can be increased significantly 906.93$, from 659.455$ to 1566.39$, by considering both environmentally friendly units, IPL and CAES.
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